Alternative fuels or Refuse Derived Fuels (RDF) are the end product of material processing plants. Commercial and municipal waste passes through a multi-stage comminution and preparation process here. The final grain size of the RDF is determined by the shredder in the final processing stage.
The fibrous-flaky particle shape of RDF has a negative effect on the flow properties if large forces, and therefore internal stresses, are acting on the material.
The main material properties can be summarized as follows:
Grain size » The coarser the particle, the poorer the flow
Grain shape » The more irregular the particle, the poorer the flow
Bulk density » The lighter the particle, the poorer the flow
Moisture » The moister the particle, the poorer the flow
Grease content » The greasier and stickier the particle, the poorer the flow
| Bulk material: | Waste, shredded |
| Bulk density: | 0.1–0.5 t/m³ |
| Grain size: | 0–60 mm, partially 1–3% to 100 mm |
| Fines: | Max. 2–3% < 300 µm |
| Grain shape: | Two-dimensional, granular |
| Ash content: | Max. 15% |
| Inert materials: | Max. 5% |
| Ferrous and NF metals: | Max. 0.5% |
| Grain size of metal parts: | Max. 40 mm |
| Moisture: | Max. 20% |
| Temperature: | Max. 80°C |
| Flow properties: | Moderate to low viscosity, bridge-forming |
| BRAM | Brennstoff aus Müll (waste-derived fuel) |
| BPG | Brennstoff aus produktionsspezifischen Gewerbeabfällen (fuels derived from production-specific industrial waste) |
| CDR | Combustibile Derivato dai Rifiuti (refuse-derived fuel) |
| EBS | Ersatzbrennstoff (substitute fuel) |
| EWAB | Energy from Waste and Biomass |
| Fluff | Fluffy alternative fuels |
| Flock | Paper industry waste, rejects |
| OTS | Organische Trockensubstanz (organic dry substance) |
| RDF | Refuse Derived Fuel |
| RESH / ASR | Residual shredder materials / Automotive Shredder Residue |
| SBS | Sekundärbrennstoff (secondary fuel) |
| SLF | Shredder Light Fraction |
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